How do I make a tunnel on my railway layout?

Creating a tunnel on your model railway layout can add depth and realism to your setup. Here’s a step-by-step guide tailored for a UK modeller:

Materials you may need:

• Cardboard or plywood for the tunnel base
• Modelling plaster or foam for shaping the hills or mountains
• Tunnel portals (these can be purchased pre-made or crafted)
• Scenery materials such as flock, trees and grass for detailing
• Paints to match the surrounding landscape
• PVA glue or hot glue gun for assembly

Steps to build your tunnel:

1. Plan the location
   Decide where your tunnel will be. It could cut through a hillside or a small mountain. Ensure the track has a smooth gradient before and after the tunnel to avoid derailments.

2. Create the base and frame
   Lay down your track first, ensuring it runs smoothly. For the tunnel, you can construct a simple framework out of cardboard, plywood, or foam. This will form the rough shape of the hill or mountain that the tunnel will pass through. Make sure there's enough clearance inside for your trains to pass through without obstruction.

3. Tunnel portals
   Attach tunnel portals to both ends of the tunnel. You can buy these ready-made from model shops or you can build your own using plaster, foamboard or even printed card. Ensure they are securely attached and aligned with the track.

4. Shape the terrain
   Using foam, plaster, or papier-mâché, build up the terrain around the tunnel. Be creative with the shape of the hill or mountain. Carve or mould the materials to get a natural look, ensuring it blends seamlessly with the rest of your layout.

5. Paint and texture
   Once the structure has dried, paint the hill or mountain using earthy tones. Dry brushing with lighter colours can highlight the texture and make it more realistic. After painting, apply scenic materials like grass flock, bushes and trees to create a natural landscape.

6. Finishing touches
   Add small details such as bushes, rocks or weathering to the tunnel portals to blend them into the landscape. You might even want to place a few figures or vehicles around the entrance to bring the scene to life.

7. Test the tunnel
   Before finishing the surrounding scenery, run a train through the tunnel several times to make sure it moves smoothly without catching on the sides or roof.

By following these steps, you'll have a custom tunnel that enhances the realism and immersion of your railway layout.